Macroscopic thermal, epithermal, scattering and transport cross sections were used for calculation of self-shielding by five different methods. All these data have been calculated for various sizes of irradiation and measuring containers. The effective Z number, Z/A ratio, mass attenuation for several gamma lines, the relative contribution of the main absorbing elements in the sample for effective cross sections and for gamma transmission are calculated for each sample. Calculations were performed for about 1200 organic samples divided into 18 groups. Here the consideration is restricted to samples from several grams to 100 or 200 grams, which can be irradiated in existing irradiation facilities. The term, “large samples” is not unequivocal. In conclusion, the maternal cottonseed diet compromised performance and testes development of the lambs and reduce the content of Se in the testes.įor the practical application of large sample activation analysis, an extensive characterization of the irradiation facility and of the measurement system - of sample size, flux-gradient, maximum count rate, size of irradiation and counting containers, estimation of created activity after irradiation and dose rate - is required. Besides dry matter (DM), protein, ether extract (EE), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) were higher in the ewe milk from the C group compared with the G group (P 0.05).

At 60 days of age, the lambs were orchidectomized to collect their testes for macroscopy, histological, neutron activation, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The animals were weighed from birth to 60 days of age, at fortnightly intervals. All lambs were offspring of Santa Inês ewes, fed on ration either with or without cottonseed during mating, gestation, and lactation, thus forming two treatments: control group (C) without cottonseed and treatment group with cottonseed (G). Eighteen lambs were used with an average LW at birth of 4 ± 1.0 kg. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ewe diet, with and without cottonseed (gossypol), on the testicular development of lambs from birth to weaning through the assessment of lamb live weight (LW), macro and histological morphology of testes, and mass fraction of chemical elements by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as the multielement distribution map in the testes. In mammals, part of the offspring phenotype is influenced by dam nutrition. The use of cotton co-products in animal feed is restricted by the presence of gossypol, which is a toxic and highly reactive molecule of complex minerals.

Ingrediënten by Anneke Ammerlaan